Immunogen
Synthesized peptide derived from human N-ternal GREM1
Specificity
This antibody detects endogenous levels of GREM1 at Human, Mouse,Rat
Formulation
Liquid in PBS containing 50% glycerol, and 0.02% sodium azide.
Dilution rate
WB 1:500-2000 IHC 1:50-200
Purification process (Immunogen)
The antibody was affinity-purified from rabbit serum by affinity-chromatography using specific immunogen.
Function
Cytokine that may play an important role during carcinogenesis and metanephric kidney organogenesis, as a BMP antagonist required for early limb outgrowth and patterning in maintaining the FGF4-SHH feedback loop. Down-regulates the BMP4 signaling in a dose-dependent manner (By similarity). Antagonist of BMP2; inhibits BMP2-mediated differentiation of osteoblasts (in vitro) . Acts as inhibitor of monocyte chemotaxis. Can inhibit the growth or viability of normal cells but not transformed cells when is overexpressed (By similarity).
Gene Name
GREM1 CKTSF1B1 DAND2 DRM PIG2
Protein name
Gremlin-1 (Cell proliferation-inducing gene 2 protein) (Cysteine knot superfamily 1, BMP antagonist 1) (DAN domain family member 2) (Down-regulated in Mos-transformed cells protein) (Increased in high
Other name
Gremlin-1 (Cell proliferation-inducing gene 2 protein) (Cysteine knot superfamily 1, BMP antagonist 1) (DAN domain family member 2) (Down-regulated in Mos-transformed cells protein) (Increased in high glucose protein 2) (IHG-2)
Human protein sequence Database
O60565
Mouse protein sequence database
O70326
Rat protein sequence database
O35793
Cellular localization
Secreted .
Tissue expression
Highly expressed in small intestine, fetal brain and colon. Expression is restricted to intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts (ISEMFs) at the crypt base. In subjects with HMPS1, by contrast, GREM1 is expressed, not only in basal ISEMFs, but also at very high levels in epithelial cells (predominantly colonocytes), with expression extending most of the way up the sides of the crypt. Weakly expressed in brain, ovary, prostate, pancreas and skeletal muscle. In brain found in the region localized around the internal capsule in the large subcortical nuclei, including caudate, putamen, substantia nigra, thalamus and subthalamus. Predominantly expressed in normal cells including neurons, astrocytes and fibroblasts.